Victoria 209 (Abbott 4-56) and 283 (Kellaway 81) beat New South Wales 260 (Henriques 97, Sutherland 4-57) and 163 (Sutherland 5-58, Murphy 4-42) by 69 runs
Resuming on day four at 1 for 58, needing another 175 for victory, NSW lost 7 for 76 in the first session and were dismissed for 163 about a half hour after lunch.
Paceman Sutherland and offspinner Murphy between them took the first eight wickets of the fourth day. Player-of-the-match Sutherland, who took 4 for 57 in the first innings, finished with his Shield-best match figures of 9 for 115 and the 23-year-old scored 39 in Victoria's first innings.
The 22-year-old Murphy's second innings figures were his best in first-class cricket and added to his haul of 3 for 44 in the first innings also give him his best match return of 7 for 86.
Opener Daniel Hughes was the NSW second innings' top-scorer with 33, with Adam Zampa and Chris Green the only other batters to pass 20.
Victoria's first outright win of the season lifted them back to fourth above South Australia who defeated Tasmania by 208 runs in Hobart on Saturday.
NSW, who sacked coach Phil Jaques last week, are winless in the Shield and are bottom of the ladder in both that competition and the one-day Marsh Cup, in which they have tasted success just once in five matches.
Victoria used 14 players in the match with Sam Harper and Jon Holland subbed out after testing positive for Covid-19 and replaced by Matthew Short and Ruwantha Kellapotha respectively.
Jack Prestwidge was dragged out of club cricket on Saturday to deputise for the concussed Sam Elliott.
NSW looked in front for much of the game, but only had a first innings lead of 51 after bowling Victoria out for 209 and then subsiding from 2 for 155 to 260 all out.
Sutherland made the initial breakthrough on day four, trapping Jason Sangha lbw and Murphy effectively derailed the NSW chase of 233, by bowling Hughes and having Matthew Gilkes and Moises Henriques caught.
A sixth-wicket stand of 27 between Sean Abbott and wicketkeeper Baxter Holt briefly held up Victoria until Sutherland came back into the attack.
He had Abbott caught behind and Baxter Holt and Chris Tremain both lbw. After lunch, Sutherland had Chris Green caught at fine leg and Kellapotha secured the win by bowling Mickey Edwards.