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In 2019, every NFL trade is plausible. Imagine if I'd told you this time last year that the Steelers would trade Antonio Brown for third- and fifth-round picks, or that the Giants actually dumped Odell Beckham Jr. and said Jabrill Peppers and first- and third-round picks were too good of an offer to turn down. You would have rightfully stopped reading this article. Yet, here we are.

Every April, I read well-intentioned mock drafts that don't include any trades amid their 32 selections. I know that it's the reality of constructing a mock draft -- it's difficult enough to project where prospects will go, let alone where trades might occur -- but it also leaves out a huge portion of what makes the draft fun. Last year, just 12 of the first 27 selections were made by the teams that originally held those picks. There were three draft-day trades within the first 14 picks. You can't do a mock draft without trades.

With that in mind, I offer up an annual first-round mock draft that consists entirely of trades. It's not exactly the same as a traditional mock draft, because each of the 32 trades exists in a different universe in which the other trades haven't happened. The goal is to try to look at how an organization might approach a specific opportunity at its spot in the draft, given its general manager's history, current needs and the needs of the teams around them.

As a result, you'll see multiple teams trading for Josh Rosen or moving up to grab someone like Rashan Gary at different points in my 2019 mock draft. I'm suggesting there are scenarios in which each of those trades could make sense if the picks beforehand go a given way. I've used the Jimmy Johnson chart to evaluate the relative value of trades; in cases where teams have typically overpaid by the traditional chart, like when they use picks from future drafts, I've tried to overpay accordingly. I'm not suggesting that any particular move is smart or stupid, just that I could see a scenario where both teams could find the logic in making a move.

One final note: For picks in the 2019 draft, I've notated the selections with their round and their spot within the overall draft order. That means the 13th pick in the first round is written as 1-13.

Let's get started with a rare Cardinals trade scenario that doesn't include Rosen...

Jump to an interesting pick:
1. ARI | 4. OAK | 6. NYG | 11. CIN
15. WSH | 24. OAK | 28. LAC | 32. NE


1. Arizona Cardinals

Cardinals get: 1-4, 1-24, 2-35
Raiders get: 1-1, 3-65

If the Cardinals eventually decide to keep quarterback Josh Rosen, they should be able to drum up a reasonable trade market for the top pick. Nobody thinks the 49ers or Jets are taking a quarterback at Nos. 2 or 3, but there's a good chance both teams will be open to a trade down with a team interested in grabbing Kyler Murray before the Raiders, who would be able to pounce with the fourth overall pick.

The Raiders, therefore, might very well be the most plausible candidates to trade up to No. 1 and get their quarterback for Las Vegas. They have three first-round picks to work with, and while they aren't one player away from competing, trading up would give the organization some final bit of cover for the Khalil Mack trade, given that the 24th pick new GM Mike Mayock would be sending to the Cardinals is one of the first-rounders Jon Gruden got from the Bears. If the Raiders trade up for Murray and come away with a superstar quarterback, the Mack deal doesn't seem quite as bad.

Meanwhile, from Arizona's perspective, this is a chance to gain an extra first-rounder without missing out on a defensive difference-maker. If Murray goes first, the 49ers and Jets would seemingly be inclined to target edge rushers Nick Bosa and Josh Allen. Arizona already has its star edge rusher in Chandler Jones and added Terrell Suggs this offseason, but it could sorely use an interior disruptor such as Alabama star Quinnen Williams. If the Cardinals don't draft Murray at No. 1, Williams would be a logical pick. Here, they move down and get him at No. 4 anyway.


2. San Francisco 49ers

49ers get: 1-6, 5-143, 2020 first-round pick, CB Janoris Jenkins
Giants get: 1-2, QB Nick Mullens, CB Ahkello Witherspoon

While the Giants might be in denial publicly about their rebuild under general manager Dave Gettleman, they've established a habit of dumping veterans from the Jerry Reese era while they still have some trade value. New York has shipped off guys such as Eli Apple and Olivier Vernon over the past six months, and it wouldn't be shocking if they continued by dealing away the 30-year-old Jenkins, who still has two years and $22.5 million remaining on his deal. Jenkins doesn't have the size that teams that play the Seahawks Cover 3 defense typically want from their corners, but he would be a big upgrade on Witherspoon and give the 49ers a pair of effective veteran corners alongside Richard Sherman.

For the Niners, though, this trade is more about adding a juicy first-round pick in 2020 from a team that has an inflated view of its own ability to compete this season. There's a good chance that pick will be better than the 17th selection, which the Giants hold as part of the Odell Beckham Jr. trade. It also restores a top pick to replace the 2020 second-rounder the 49ers shipped off to the Chiefs as part of the Dee Ford trade. After adding Ford, the Niners don't have as much of a pressing need for an edge rusher; they should still be in line to add someone like Montez Sweat or Devin White to supplement their defense with the sixth pick, or they could choose to trade down again.

On the other hand, the Giants are perilously thin on the edge after trading away Vernon and Jason Pierre-Paul over the past year. Moving up after a Kyler Murray trade would guarantee them Nick Bosa, who could be the defensive building block the team sorely needs. They also get a possible quarterback of the future in Mullens, who was impressive in a half-season filling in for Jimmy Garoppolo. The 49ers can roll with C.J. Beathard as their backup, while the Giants can turn to Mullens if -- or after -- Eli Manning struggles this season.


3. New York Jets

Jets get: 1-14, 3-79, 2020 first-round pick, DE Vic Beasley Jr.
Falcons get: 1-3, 4-105, 2020 conditional pick

The Falcons badly need to add an impact pass-rusher. They also need to conserve cap space as they attempt to extend Grady Jarrett and Julio Jones this offseason, which makes Beasley's $12.8 million fifth-year option unappealing. We know the Falcons have gone all-in for a potential superstar in the past when they traded a future first-round pick to move up from No. 27 to No. 6 in 2011 to draft Jones. That move worked out, and if the Falcons see a similarly impressive star in Nick Bosa or Josh Allen, it's not crazy to think that they would make the same sort of move to grab the edge rusher their defense desperately needs.

It's a tougher sell for the Jets, who also need an edge rusher after Anthony Barr left them at the altar in free agency. In a deep class, though, they would still have a great shot at adding someone like Rashan Gary or Brian Burns with the 14th pick, so if they don't see whoever is left at No. 3 as a star, moving down would make sense. This franchise badly needs extra picks after trading three second-rounders as part of the Sam Darnold trade.

They also take a flier on Beasley, who led the NFL with 15.5 sacks in his second season, but has just 14 sacks combined in his other three campaigns. The conditional pick here gives the Falcons a fifth-rounder in 2020 if Beasley hits six sacks and a third-rounder if he makes it to 10 sacks.


4. Oakland Raiders

Raiders get: QB Matthew Stafford, 2-43
Lions get: 1-4

If you're Detroit decision-makers Bob Quinn and Matt Patricia, do you at least think about starting over with a young quarterback? They inherited Stafford from the prior regime, and over his 10-year career, the former first overall pick has taken home $178 million, the fourth-most of any player in the league. Stafford has made one Pro Bowl and delivered zero playoff victories over that time frame. While the latter isn't entirely his fault, the Georgia product doesn't appear to have the ceiling of a top-five quarterback. He has thrown 5,405 passes as a pro, and the Lions just moved on from the pass-happy attack of former offensive coordinator Jim Bob Cooter. This team doesn't appear close to winning a Super Bowl as currently constructed.

Making this trade would give the Lions two of the top eight picks, which should be enough to draft a quarterback and add one stud defender. Moving up from No. 8 to No. 4 could give them a shot at either Josh Allen, Nick Bosa or Quinnen Williams. It also could push them ahead of the Bucs if they want to grab linebacker Devin White, whom ESPN's Mel Kiper Jr. has going to Tampa at No. 5 in his most recent mock draft. Detroit would incur a staggering $35.5 million in dead money on its 2019 cap, but given that Stafford's cap hit is already a league-high $29.5 million, it's not an enormous difference.

Jon Gruden, meanwhile, might very well prefer the 31-year-old Stafford to any of the rookies in this class. He has publicly backed Stafford in the past and never pulled the trigger on a highly drafted rookie at quarterback during his time as a head coach, instead preferring veterans such as Rich Gannon and Jeff Garcia or midround picks such as Chris Simms and Bruce Gradkowski.

With Stafford's $50 million signing bonus already paid, the Raiders would be inheriting Stafford on what amounts to a four-year, $84 million deal, which would be a relative bargain for an average veteran starter. The Raiders would still lose their top pick in the process, but they would keep their other two first-rounders and get another second-round selection. Stafford throwing to Antonio Brown and Tyrell Williams would sell some tickets in Las Vegas. This deal would render Derek Carr relatively null and void, but the Raiders might be able to find a trade market for him over the summer if they eat some of his $19.9 million base salary.


5. Tampa Bay Buccaneers

Buccaneers get: 1-9, 2-40
Bills get: 1-5, 4-107

The Bucs could use defensive help -- they could always use defensive help -- but they're probably looking for a middle linebacker, cornerback or offensive tackle to replace Demar Dotson, and all of those spots should be available at No. 9. Tampa is probably safe dropping down four spots and picking up an extra second-round pick for the trouble. It needs multiple starters on defense more than it needs one impact player.

After spending all offseason working to build an offensive infrastructure around Josh Allen, meanwhile, the Bills might want to use this opportunity to work on the future of their defense. Buffalo quietly posted the league's second-best defensive DVOA last season. While the defense is built around young stars such as Tremaine Edmunds and Tre'Davious White, general manager Brandon Beane has to be thinking about the future at defensive end. Jerry Hughes is a free agent after this season, Trent Murphy wasn't an impact player in his first year with the Bills, and Shaq Lawson hasn't impressed since the prior regime drafted him in the first round in 2016.

It's unlikely that Nick Bosa or Josh Allen would be on the board at No. 5, but trading up would give the Bills a chance to get their pick of the remaining edge rushers before the Giants at No. 6


6. New York Giants

Giants get: 1-24, 4-106, 2020 first-round pick
Raiders get: 1-6

If the Giants don't think there's a franchise quarterback on the board for them at No. 6, their best move is trading down to add as many draft picks as possible while replenishing their defense. If I ran the team, I'd also have a goal of coming away from this draft with an extra first-rounder in 2020, which could come in handy if the Giants do finally address their quarterback conundrum in the draft next year.

When that pick belongs to the Raiders, who were just 4-12 last season and could combust before their move to Las Vegas in 2020, this trade gets more appealing for Big Blue. The Giants could end up with two top-five picks in 2020, which is exactly how the Browns were able to finally kick-start their endless rebuild.

Oakland would be moving up to either grab its own quarterback of the future or a second stud defensive piece. The league's worst scoring defense from 2018 badly needs pass-rushing help, so imagine if the Raiders are able to come away with Quinnen Williams and Rashan Gary before using their third first-round pick on help in the secondary. This would leave them without the option to draft a young quarterback in the first round next year, but again, I'm not sure that's a preference Gruden has expressed in years past.


7. Jacksonville Jaguars

Jaguars get: 1-10, 3-71
Broncos get: 1-7, 5-148

The Lions have been popularly linked to Iowa tight end T.J. Hockenson, who is getting comparisons to Rob Gronkowski. It's always going to be aggressive to compare a guy who hasn't played a single NFL snap to arguably the best player at his position in NFL history, but Hockenson has huge upside as a blocker and a receiver. It wouldn't be shocking to see him go in the top 10, especially when you consider that the Lions' brain trust spent their formative years with Gronk in New England.

To get ahead of the Lions, who pick eighth, the Broncos have to make a slight move from No. 10 to No. 7. Denver re-signed Jeff Heuerman to a two-year deal, but it can't depend on Jake Butt as a receiving tight end after years of injuries. There's a chance Hockenson might fall to the Broncos with the 10th pick, but they should be willing to move down later in the draft to ensure they get their man. The Jags, who are likely looking at a right tackle to replace Jermey Parnell, should be able to land Jonah Williams or Jawaan Taylor three picks from now.


8. Detroit Lions

Lions get: 1-19, 2-51, 4-121
Titans get: 1-8

Bob Quinn has made 10 trades involving draft picks during his time as Lions general manager, and six of those were with his former employers in New England. Last year, he traded up to nab Kerryon Johnson and then sent his 2019 third-round pick to draft Da'Shawn Hand with a fourth-round selection as part of a pair of trades with the Pats. Quinn got an extra third-rounder back from the Eagles as part of the Golden Tate trade, but this is a Lions team that needs to add depth, especially on defense.

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Is T.J. Hockenson the next Gronk?

Iowa's T.J. Hockenson is considered one of the most complete TEs in the draft and is often compared to Rob Gronkowski in terms of his playing style.

It's difficult to make a Patriots trade work -- they could theoretically send four picks to the Lions to move up from No. 32 to grab Hockenson -- but let's opt for another Patriots satellite in Tennessee. The Titans could very well be interested in T.J. Hockenson as the long-term replacement for Delanie Walker alongside Jonnu Smith. They could move up to grab someone such as Montez Sweat as the bookend for 2018 second-rounder Harold Landry on the edge. They could even theoretically move up for a quarterback if GM Jon Robinson & Co. aren't committed to Marcus Mariota, although if that's the case, they're holding their cards extremely close to the vest.


9. Buffalo Bills

Bills get: 1-17, 2-37
Giants get: 1-9, 4-112, 5-147

Reports have suggested that the Giants don't think Dwayne Haskins "fits" their roster, which could mean just about anything, given how teams smokescreen their intentions this time of year. There's a reasonable chance the Giants are telling the truth, of course, but they might also be trying to keep Haskins' value down so they can take him without having to use the No. 6 pick.

This is their chance to come away with a key defensive piece and their quarterback of the future, as general manager Dave Gettleman can use the sixth pick on a defensive lineman before trading up from No. 17 to grab a quarterback such as Haskins or Drew Lock. Trading up would allow the Giants to pip the Bengals (11th) and the Dolphins (13th) from drafting a quarterback themselves.


10. Denver Broncos

Broncos get: 1-13, 3-78
Dolphins get: 1-10, 6-182

The Dolphins are privately rebuilding, even if they're unwilling to fully commit to an idea of a rebuild in their public comments. After trading away Ryan Tannehill, they are committed to Ryan Fitzpatrick as their starter in 2019, although it seems likely that they'll draft a quarterback in the first round in either the 2019 or 2020 drafts.

Miami could wait until next season for what might be a superior quarterback class, but with an ownership group that wouldn't realistically be characterized as patient, it could move up in this draft and pick Dwayne Haskins or Drew Lock if they're still on the board at No. 10. The Dolphins would be moving up to try to beat the Bengals to the punch, given the chances that Cincinnati could draft a starting quarterback to replace Andy Dalton at No. 11.


11. Cincinnati Bengals

Bengals get: WR Robby Anderson, ILB Darron Lee, 1-3
Jets get: WR A.J. Green, 1-11, 4-110

I'd like to believe the Bengals will eventually come to terms with their star receiver as Green enters the final year of the four-year, $60 million extension he signed in September 2015. After Odell Beckham Jr. and Antonio Brown were traded this offseason, though, it seems naive to rule out anything. If the Bengals don't think they're a Super Bowl team with their current core -- and it's hard to argue that they are -- this would be a chance to reshape their roster with one trade.

This trade only makes sense if Kyler Murray is still on the board at No. 3, which would position the Bengals to come away with their quarterback of the future to develop under new Bengals coach Zac Taylor. Losing Green would obviously cost Murray his would-be top receiver, but the Bengals would still have a young wideout core with both a track record of production and future upside in Anderson and Tyler Boyd, both of whom are 25 or younger. They would also get an inside linebacker in Lee, a former first-round pick who doesn't have a spot in the Jets' starting lineup after the C.J. Mosley signing but showed promise last season.

The Jets, meanwhile, would suddenly have a No. 1 wideout for Sam Darnold without having to give away their first-round pick. They would miss out on adding a pass-rusher with the third pick, but there could still be options up front such as Rashan Gary or Ed Oliver at No. 11. The Jets also have the cap space to give Green a new deal. This contract would value the difference between Green and the two Jets players as equivalent to the 19th pick in a typical draft; far more than the Steelers got for Brown, who is the same age as Green (30), but for a player without the off-field issues Brown exhibited during the end in Pittsburgh.


12. Green Bay Packers

Packers get: 1-15, 3-96, 2020 first-round pick
Washington gets: 1-12, 1-30, 5-150

Here's a creative way for the Packers to try to create a valuable draft pick out of the selection they got from the Saints last year. Split up the trade into two parts, and you have the Packers moving down three spots from No. 12 to No. 15, with Washington swapping the third-round compensatory pick it got for Kirk Cousins for Green Bay's fifth-round pick in return. On the Jimmy Johnson chart, that's a slight advantage for Washington, with Jay Gruden's team giving up 1,166 points of draft capital and getting 1,231 points in return.

The big opportunity for the Packers would be swapping the 30th pick in this year's draft for Washington's 2020 first-round pick. There's obviously not much chance that Washington will make it to the NFC Championship Game, so the pick will land higher in the draft than 30th. It's far more likely that Washington will finish below .500, which would push this pick into the upper half of the first round. It also gives the Packers a promising player on a rookie contract that starts in 2020, and that's particularly valuable given that the contracts from their free-agent class all spike next season. Za'Darius Smith, Preston Smith and Adrian Amos have a combined cap hit of $19.2 million in 2019, rising to $40.2 million in 2020.

Washington could make this deal for a number of reasons. If a quarterback it loves is on the board at No. 12, it could use this trade to get ahead of the Dolphins. It also gives Washington an extra first-rounder to help move up for a quarterback; Washington would be able to package three of the top 46 picks in this draft as part of a deal, which would be enough on the Johnson chart to return the No. 3 overall pick.


13. Miami Dolphins

Dolphins get: 1-2
49ers get: 1-13, 2020 first-round pick

NFL teams occasionally agree on conditional trades, which are dependent upon a player being available at a given spot. Last year, for example, the Broncos and Bills agreed on a tentative pick swap, with the Broncos retaining the right to keep their pick if their player was still on the board. When Bradley Chubb fell to the fifth slot, the Bills had no deal.

Here, the Dolphins would be striking a conditional swap if the Cardinals decide to pass on Kyler Murray with the top pick, presumably to draft Nick Bosa. The 49ers and Jets have no need for Murray, but the Dolphins would want to move ahead of the Raiders at No. 4 to grab their quarterback of the future. The Jets likely want to add one of the edge rushers at No. 3 after missing out on Anthony Barr this offseason, and they're not going to be inclined to help a divisional rival get their quarterback of the future.

That leaves the 49ers, who could certainly consider drafting Allen at No. 2, but don't have the same sort of need on the edge after trading for Dee Ford this offseason. Moving down would net the Niners a future first-round pick from a team that might be among the worst teams in football in 2019, which has to be appealing to general manager John Lynch and coach Kyle Shanahan. They might covet Bosa, but if he comes off the board at No. 2, the Dolphins could have a deal.


14. Atlanta Falcons

Falcons get: 1-8, 3-88
Lions get: 1-14, 2-45

The Falcons' needs -- defense, with a particular focus on edge rusher -- line up well with the strengths of this draft. They have to be a little antsy about where they sit at No. 14, given that the top defensive ends -- Nick Bosa, Josh Allen, Montez Sweat, Rashan Gary and even Brian Burns -- could be off the board.

They probably won't be all-in for Bosa and Allen in the way that I suggested they might with the trade at No. 3, but it's certainly plausible that they could move up and go after someone like Sweat if he's on the board at No. 8. They would make this move to get ahead of the Bills at No. 9. It's also a perfect match on the Jimmy Johnson chart.


15. Washington

Washington gets: QB Josh Rosen, 2-33
Cardinals get: QB Case Keenum, 1-15

The most simple trade in this mock! The most logical landing spot for Rosen is Washington, given that Jay Gruden's team doesn't have a quarterback of the future behind Alex Smith, who might never play again. Arizona wants to come away with a first-round pick for its second-year passer, but I don't think it has a great shot of getting one straight up unless it's the 32nd pick from the Patriots.

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Riddick: Rosen will be fine wherever he winds up

Louis Riddick is sure Josh Rosen will be a pro despite the trade rumors and says many teams will be interested if he's on the block.

The Cardinals also get a veteran backup for Kyler Murray in Keenum, who once played under Kingsbury in Houston. This deal values the difference between Rosen and Keenum as equivalent to the 43rd pick in a typical draft.


16. Carolina Panthers

Panthers get: 1-7, 6-178
Jaguars get: 1-16, 2-47, 3-100

The Panthers have enough starting-caliber talent across their roster to spend the first round of this draft focusing on their future. They probably want to come away with a defensive end to add to their rotation to play behind Mario Addison and Bruce Irvin. General manager Marty Hurney could try to find a downfield threat to replace Torrey Smith and supplement the oft-injured Curtis Samuel behind DJ Moore, although I doubt he'll use his first-round pick on a wide receiver in consecutive seasons.

One other path to take would be to move up and draft tight end T.J. Hockenson as a replacement for 34-year-old Greg Olsen, who has missed 16 games over the past two seasons and might be close to joining a television network. Ian Thomas flashed promise in December while subbing for an injured Olsen, but there's nothing stopping the Panthers from using a heavy dose of two-tight-end sets. Carolina can use its second-round pick and the compensatory selection it nabbed for losing Andrew Norwell to move up for the Iowa tight end.


17. New York Giants

Giants get: 1-30, 2-44
Packers get: 1-17, 3-95

The Giants picked up the 17th and 95th selections from the Browns in the Odell Beckham Jr. trade, and while they might want to use those picks to make a dramatic selection by using one on a quarterback, their best chance of adding talent as part of that swap is to trade down. This move would give the Giants four of the top 45 selections in this draft, which should allow them to address right tackle and simultaneously buff up a bereft defense.

Meanwhile, the Packers could use the first-round pick they got from the Saints as part of the Marcus Davenport trade as a weapon to move up for a second key piece of talent. It seems likely that they'll want to add at least one weapon for Aaron Rodgers, and while there might not be a great fit for anyone besides T.J. Hockenson at No. 12, they could use that pick on an interior disruptor like Christian Wilkins while moving up to No. 17 for Noah Fant, Hockenson's teammate at Iowa. A wideout like D.K. Metcalf or Marquise Brown also could be in play here.


18. Minnesota Vikings

Vikings get: 1-29, 2-63
Chiefs get: 1-18, 6-190

After re-signing Anthony Barr and giving Adam Thielen a much-deserved raise as part of his contract extension, general manager Rick Spielman and the Vikings know they need to nail their draft picks to find regulars on low-cost deals. Minnesota will naturally look to address its offensive line yet again in the draft, but it might be more interested in guards if it plans to keep Riley Reiff at tackle. The Vikings could be better off moving down and picking up an extra second-round pick.

The Chiefs, meanwhile, have to be aggressive in going after edge-rushing help after somehow turning Dee Ford and Justin Houston into Alex Okafor and Emmanuel Ogbah this offseason. Trading up to the middle of the first round might give them a shot at adding someone like Brian Burns to their rotation at defensive end. The Chiefs also could use this trade, which includes the second-rounder Kansas City acquired from the Rams in the Marcus Peters deal, to trade up for their pick of the cornerback class.


19. Tennessee Titans

Titans get: 1-32, 2-64
Patriots get: 1-19

The Patriots don't often trade up, but it could make sense in this situation. New England has seven picks in the first four rounds, so it's extremely likely that Bill Belichick & Co. could either consolidate some of those selections or trade for future picks in 2020.

Given the Pats' hole at tight end, it would make sense for them to consider moving up ahead of the Steelers at No. 20 to grab a weapon for Tom Brady. This could be a landing spot for Noah Fant. After making just four selections last year, meanwhile, the Titans should consider amassing extra picks in this draft, even if it means waiting on drafting an edge rusher until the bottom of the first round.


20. Pittsburgh Steelers

Steelers get: 1-13
Dolphins get: 1-20, 3-66

The Steelers don't often trade up, but it wouldn't be unprecedented: They once dealt up from No. 27 to No. 14 to grab Troy Polamalu, and that turned out OK. Could they make a similar trade if tight end T.J. Hockenson is still on the board? I don't know if he'll still be around at No. 13, but Pittsburgh could move up to target an offensive tackle like Jonah Williams, given that it traded Marcus Gilbert and currently has Matt Feiler penciled in as the starting right tackle.

With offensive line coach Mike Munchak leaving for Denver this offseason, the Steelers might want a higher-upside option at right tackle than the undrafted Feiler.


21. Seattle Seahawks

Seahawks get: 1-26, 3-89
Colts get: 1-21, 6-159

As much as the Seahawks might love to stay put and draft the best available edge rusher on their board, they are already down their second-, sixth-, and seventh-round picks in this draft after trading for Duane Brown, Brett Hundley and Shalom Luani. They need to add draft capital. Trading down a few picks in the first round and getting a third-round pick back would make sense.

It might seem like the Colts would be an unlikely team to trade up, but Indy did move up three spots in 2018 to take Tyquan Lewis at the end of the second round, so general manager Chris Ballard is apparently comfortable making a small move forward if the price is right. This would be five spots in the first round, so the cost would be commensurately higher, but it would allow Indy to get ahead of teams such as the Ravens and Raiders to grab talent for its defensive line.


22. Baltimore Ravens

Ravens get: 1-31, 2020 second-round pick
Rams get: 1-22, 4-123

New general manager Eric DeCosta is down a second-round pick after sending it to the Eagles as part of the Lamar Jackson trade last year, so while he has two picks in each of the third and fourth rounds, it wouldn't be a surprise to see him trade down to try to get back some draft capital. Given that the longtime deputy to Ozzie Newsome isn't going anywhere anytime soon, he shouldn't be terribly concerned if that capital doesn't come back until 2020.

Any team interested in offensive linemen will be looking to get ahead of the Texans at No. 23, and after losing Rodger Saffold in free agency and cutting John Sullivan, the Rams could very well be in the market for an interior lineman such as Erik McCoy. The Ravens themselves could target McCoy -- Kiper picked McCoy to Baltimore here in his latest mock draft -- but they should be happy to move down nine spots and pick up a second-rounder for 2020.


23. Houston Texans

Texans get: 1-14
Falcons get: 1-23, 2-55

The Texans learned just how dangerous it can be to trade up when they shipped off a future first-round pick for Deshaun Watson and ended up missing out on the fourth overall selection last year. They're happy with Watson, of course, and general manager Brian Gaine wasn't around for that trade, but you would understand why the franchise might be wary to make a huge leap up, even if they're attempting to target a position of need.

With an extra second-round pick from the Duane Brown trade, though, the Texans should consider moving up to grab some desperately required help along the offensive line. Washington has been bringing linemen in for visits, and the Texans might need to get ahead of the 15th spot if they want to draft someone such as Erik McCoy or Jonah Williams. Sometimes, it's just that simple.


24. Oakland Raiders

Raiders get: DE Jadeveon Clowney
Texans get: 1-24, 5-140

What's more complicated for the Texans, though, is coming to terms on an extension with Clowney. I wrote back in February about how difficult it would be to find common ground with the edge rusher on an extension, and after seeing players such as Za'Darius Smith top $17 million per year on deals this offseason, things aren't getting any easier for the Texans. They can use the franchise tag on Clowney a second time in 2020 and pay the former first overall pick $19.1 million, but he would top a $20 million average salary in free agency, and his camp knows it.

If the Texans aren't willing to give him a DeMarcus Lawrence-type contract, this would be the right time to make a trade. Coming away with a first-round pick in a draft deep with edge-rushing talent is far more appealing than waiting a year and ending up with a compensatory third-round pick.

One team that would probably be comfortable using a first-round pick to pay Clowney north of $20 million per year would be the Raiders, who would be using the pick they received from the Bears in the Khalil Mack trade to go after an edge rusher with proven success and significant upside. Trading Mack for two first-round picks doesn't sound quite as bad as trading Mack for Clowney and a first-round pick, and while I'm not sure that's a great way to make football decisions, I would also be pretending to think that teams don't think that way internally.


25. Philadelphia Eagles

Eagles get: CB Trae Waynes, 2-50, 6-190
Vikings get: 1-25

The Eagles gave cornerback Ronald Darby a one-year, $6.5 million deal this offseason to come back, but Howie Roseman is one of the most creative and aggressive general managers in the league when it comes to acquiring talent at positions of need. The Eagles have possible options at the position with the likes of Jalen Mills and Sidney Jones, but they need as much help at corner as possible.

In this deal, he goes after Waynes, who is on what amounts to a one-year deal for $9.1 million on a Vikings team already deep at cornerback and unlikely to retain him next year in free agency. Minnesota can move up and use yet another first-round pick at the position to supplement Xavier Rhodes and Mike Hughes, who would be promoted to the starting lineup with Waynes' departure. The Eagles would move down 25 spots in the draft, but they would likely come away with a compensatory pick for Waynes in free agency next season.


26. Indianapolis Colts

Colts get: 2-36, 3-67
49ers get: 1-26, 5-164

The Colts might have rode a blistering-hot second half into the postseason, but it's also fair to say that their rebuild is still in progress. Indy managed to coax career seasons out of veterans such as Margus Hunt, Denico Autry, Pierre Desir and Clayton Geathers on defense last season, and though they're all returning in 2019, the best path for the Colts to build a sustainably excellent defense is still going to be through drafting and developing young talent.

General manager Chris Ballard used three of his four second-round picks on defenders last year and found a superstar with the 36th pick in Darius Leonard. This trade gets him another pair of quality picks at the top of the second and third rounds, including that very same 36th pick again in a swap with the 49ers. San Francisco's rebuild is also in progress, but given how GM John Lynch has fallen in love with specific players over his tenure as general manager, this could be a spot for the 49ers to trade up and grab a cornerback like Greedy Williams or Rock Ya-Sin.


27. Oakland Raiders

Raiders get: 2-62, 2020 first-round pick
Saints get: 1-27, 4-106

Everything the Saints have done over the past few months suggests they're all-in for the 2019 season. Most of what the Raiders have done over the past year suggests they're trying to build a competitive team for their move to Las Vegas in 2020. This deal better aligns both those windows.

The Saints don't have a 2019 first-rounder after trading up for Marcus Davenport last year, but they would much rather be without a first-round pick in 2020 as opposed to 2019 if it means they have a better shot of winning a Super Bowl this season. The Raiders are amassing tons of draft capital under Jon Gruden, but there's no reason they should be desperate to make one of those picks in 2019 as opposed to 2020, especially given that the pick they would be sending in this deal is the sixth-worst selection of the first round. The Saints are likely to send them a bottom-six pick in next year's draft too, but Oakland will move up 44 picks and take home a second-round pick this April for being patient. If the Saints disappoint in 2019, this could end up being a huge win for Gruden.


28. Los Angeles Chargers

Chargers get: QB Josh Rosen, 2-33, 4-103
Cardinals get: 1-28, 2-60

Chargers general manager Tom Telesco hasn't really exhibited much interest in trading draft picks. Since trading up to grab Melvin Gordon in 2015, the only time Telesco has traded away a draft pick was when he sent a seventh-round pick to the Bills for Cardale Jones in 2018. There's a good chance he'll hold onto his picks again this year.

With that being said, the Chargers have a quarterback entering the final year of his deal who turns 38 in December, and while Philip Rivers continues to play at a high level, there's no guarantee that the 15-year veteran wants to play deep into another contract extension. They wouldn't need Rosen for 2019 or maybe even for 2020, but trading for him now would give the Chargers peace of mind that they'll have a starter after Rivers packs it in.

At this price, L.A. would value Rosen as worth the 61st pick in a typical draft, which seems like the low end for a guy who was the 10th overall pick in 2018. With Tyrod Taylor's contract nonguaranteed in 2020, trading for Rosen is a move the Chargers would have to seriously consider.


29. Kansas City Chiefs

Chiefs get: DE Carl Lawson, 2-42, 4-110
Bengals get: 1-29, 6-201

A Bengals trade up is about as rare as it gets, but with the Packers and Patriots lurking as teams that could at least consider using a first-round pick on a quarterback like Daniel Jones, any team interested in nabbing a quarterback is going to have to talk to the Chiefs. If the Bengals don't draft a passer with their first-round pick, moving into the bottom of the first round would be a plausible alternative.

Kansas City general manager Brett Veach already has two late second-round picks, but as the Chiefs build their roster around a core of stars who are about to get very expensive, they're going to need talented players on rookie deals. Here, they get a pair of valuable picks and a pass-rusher with upside in Lawson, who had 8.5 sacks and 21 hits as a rookie before tearing his ACL last season. With two years left on his rookie deal, any sort of return to that rookie form would make Lawson extremely valuable for a Chiefs team desperately seeking edge-rushing help.


30. Green Bay Packers

Packers get: 2-38, 2020 second-round pick
Jaguars get: 1-30, 4-118

The Packers have a lot of flexibility with the 30th pick after spending so much in free agency. They could opt for depth at pass-rusher, offensive line help, or go after a receiver, but their best bet might be to amass more draft capital. At No. 30, they should have teams calling them to try to get ahead of the Rams and Patriots, who are most likely to be looking for offensive linemen and receivers, respectively.

Tom Coughlin's Jags would be looking toward the latter. Even after signing Geoff Swaim to a two-year deal this offseason, Jacksonville badly needs a solution at tight end. This would be a move to trade up for Irv Smith Jr. ahead of the Patriots, but it would be costly: If Nick Foles doesn't turn things around for the Jags, this trade could easily be the 30th pick for two picks in the 33-40 range.


31. Los Angeles Rams

Rams get: 1-22, 2020 fourth-round pick
Ravens get: 1-31, 3-94, 2020 second-round pick

It's tough for the Rams to move up, given that they're down a second-round pick from the Marcus Peters trade and one of their two compensatory third-round picks after dealing for Dante Fowler Jr.

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NFL draft profile: Jeffery Simmons

Jeffery Simmons is a defensive tackle out of Mississippi State who is a projected first-round pick in the draft, but tore his ACL in February.

Unless they want to package both of their third-rounders to move up, the Rams probably will have to put their 2020 second-round pick into play. By including that pick and one of the third-rounders, the Rams probably have enough to approach the edges of the lottery. They could be trading up for an interior lineman to replace Rodger Saffold, but if they plan on keeping Michael Brockers at defensive end, it's fair to wonder if the Rams might target a defensive tackle such as Jeffery Simmons if the Mississippi State product falls to No. 22.


32. New England Patriots

Giants get: QB Josh Rosen (from Cardinals), 4-134 (from Patriots)
Patriots get: TE Evan Engram, 2-37 (from Giants), DE Robert Nkemdiche (from Cardinals)
Cardinals get: 1-32 (from Patriots)

The Patriots might very well make their own move for Rosen, but let's finish up this mock draft by everyone getting a bit of what they want. The Cardinals want a first-round pick for the quarterback they chose with the 10th overall selection; they'll have to settle for the last pick in the round, but it's a fair return given that Rosen showed little behind a porous offensive line last season. Arizona will likely decline Nkemdiche's fifth-year option for 2020, with the disappointing former first-round pick coming off a torn ACL. He's not guaranteed to make the Arizona roster if he stays in the desert.

In getting Rosen, the Giants come away with a viable successor for Eli Manning without having to use the sixth overall pick on a quarterback. Giants GM Dave Gettleman instead leverages his second-round pick and Engram, another one of the Jerry Reese draftees who have little utility in a run-first attack, to get a possible franchise quarterback. They get a fourth-rounder back from the Pats to help cushion the blow.

The Patriots move down five spots from their first-round pick and send a fourth-rounder to the Giants to pick up two young players with upside. Engram isn't a direct replacement for Rob Gronkowski -- he's more like Aaron Hernandez on the field -- but the Ole Miss product is a valuable receiver at a position of need for the Pats and came out of school with an excellent three-cone drill mark, which Belichick has typically valued in his receivers. Nkemdiche is a flier along the defensive line with a cap hold of just $2.7 million for 2019.

MILWAUKEE -- There aren't many 7-foot centers who make enough 3-pointers to weigh the relative merits of their go-to celebrations.

Brook Lopez of the Milwaukee Bucks is one such anomaly. He coveted Eric Bledsoe's three-finger salute but didn't want to be a copycat, so he settled on blowing on the fingers of his shooting hand.

"I'm cooling it off a little bit," Lopez said. "That's my thing."

Nothing about Lopez's 3-point shooting is ordinary. This season he attempted 512 3-pointers - the most by a 7-footer in league history.

While Giannis Antetokounmpo has dominated headlines for the Bucks, Lopez has been his shooting sidekick, opening the paint for Antetokounmpo's drives and dunks while making defenses pay if they don't step out to guard him.

As the Bucks launch what they hope will be a deep playoff run, Lopez's shooting is already making an impact. In Game 1 of their first-round playoff series against the Detroit Pistons, Lopez scored 14 points and hit two 3-pointers in just 25 minutes. Detroit center Andre Drummond struggled to find an effective defensive role against Milwaukee's spread offense. At times, Pistons coach Dwane Casey tried to adjust by moving Drummond off Lopez and onto Antetokounmpo, a less proven shooting threat.

"He has spaced the floor so well for us all season long," Antetokounmpo said. "He has been hitting 3s and he is making defenses adjust to him. When he came out in the beginning of Game 1 and hit some 3s, they had to adjust and put Thon [Maker] on him and Drummond on me. I am kind of getting upset sometimes when he started hitting the 3s because then I have Andre Drummond guarding me."

The Bucks outscored the Pistons by 35 points when Lopez was on the court, a clear sign they had won the stylistic matchup, although every Milwaukee starter sported a hefty plus rating.

Lopez's path to being such an important floor-spacer began as a curly-haired kid, but nothing in his first eight NBA seasons suggested that this is where his career would wind up.

"I always had confidence in myself shooting," Lopez said. "I believed I could shoot it in NBA games one day, but at this level? This many? No. I didn't see it."


THE AWKWARD LANDINGS, crunching of bones, countless setbacks and excruciating physical therapy sessions all seem far away to Lopez now.

Between December 2011 and January 2014, the 31-year-old suffered four different foot injuries and missed well over 100 games. Numerous surgeries left him with metal screws in his foot. During his tenure with the Brooklyn Nets, one of the trainers began referring to Lopez's "bionic foot" -- a nickname worn proudly by the comic-strip aficionado.

The repeated foot injuries forced Lopez to change his game. Rather than pound on the block play after play, he began turning to jump shots more often as a way to limit his exposure to bumps and bruises. Lopez's individual transition couldn't have come at a better time. With a 3-point revolution sweeping the league, he realized he could extend his range even farther. Three years after he first flirted with shooting from outside regularly, Lopez has become one of the sport's premier shooting centers. He was fourth among starting centers in 3-point accuracy during the regular season, at 37 percent.

When Lopez freely lets fly from near the logo in Fiserv Forum, he utilizes a smooth stroke he began honing as a child in Fresno, California. His earliest memories of shooting came out of necessity during battles with his two older brothers, Alex and Chris, who were big enough to push him around. Before long, he discovered he could back out of the paint to get cleaner looks, refining his jump shot into a weapon he could deploy in their sibling rivalries. It wasn't long before that skill translated to games.

His 3-pointer became more fine-tuned in middle school. Lopez and his identical twin brother, Robin, wanted to be on the court at the same time. To make that work, Brook stepped out to play power forward so Robin, now a 7-foot center for the Chicago Bulls, could play inside.

"It just kind of grew out of trying to have a symbiotic game with Robin," Lopez said. "We liked teaming up and working together to dominate."

Brook Lopez was drafted 10th overall by the Nets in 2008, a time when most teams still expected their centers to do their damage inside. During his first eight seasons in the NBA, Lopez attempted a total of 31 3-pointers and flexed his shooting touch only from midrange.

But when the Golden State Warriors and Houston Rockets ushered in an outside-in approach to NBA offenses in the mid-2010s, Lopez hopped on board. In 2016-17, he attempted 387 3s -- an astonishing number for a center who had barely dabbled earlier in his career.

The Nets traded Lopez to the Los Angeles Lakers for D'Angelo Russell in June 2017 and he continued to work on his range, attempting 325 3-pointers in L.A. before becoming a free agent last summer.


ALONG CAME THE BUCKS, who snagged him on a one-year, $3.4 million deal.

"At our coaches' retreat, we all said, 'We got Brook Lopez at one year, low money?'" assistant coach Josh Longstaff recalled. "With the way we wanted to play, he was perfect. We were like, 'We can't believe we got this guy.'"

His signing with Milwaukee was serendipitous. New coach Mike Budenholzer needed a center to keep the floor spread around Antetokounmpo, and Lopez needed a coach who would encourage him to shoot -- no matter how many times he missed.

"He has helped this team so far in so many ways offensively and defensively," Antetokounmpo said. "We want him to keep shooting a lot of 3s."

The Bucks not only gave him the green light, they continued to reconfigure his shot selection. As recently as 2014-15, more than 18 percent of Lopez's shots were long 2s and just 1 percent were 3-pointers. This season, only 2 percent of Lopez's shots were long 2s, while a whopping 65 percent of his shots were 3-pointers. Lopez's 187 made 3s ranked 17th in the league.

Whereas the Lakers had treated Lopez more like a role player, the Bucks viewed him as a central piece for both their No. 3 offense and No. 1 defense.

"I don't know if I realized to the extent they wanted me shooting, really," Lopez said. "I remember talking to Bud on the phone and it's absolutely something he brought up. But we really drilled that stuff. Our offense is predicated on shooting."

The Bucks also have benefited from Lopez's exceptional health. For the first time since the 2010-11 season, Lopez played in more than 75 games. Lopez actually was healthy enough to play in all 82 games this season, but with the top seed in the NBA clinched, Budenholzer rested him in the regular-season finale. It was the only game he missed all season.

Considering Lopez's reliability and the fact he's having one of the best shooting seasons ever for a stretch 5, the Bucks' signing turned into a bargain.

If there is another center whose game is comparable to Lopez's, Longstaff couldn't name one. Neither could Lopez.

"It's super unique," Lopez said, sheepishly.

Lopez's low-key, oddball personality also has been a fit with the fun-loving Bucks. He enjoys matching the 50 states with their capitals as a pastime and owns a house at Walt Disney World where each room is themed (Disney is the parent company of ESPN). Instead of rocking the latest in high-end fashion, he favors a leather, cross-body book bag, faded T-shirts with odes to cartoon characters and loudly colored striped polo shirts. As a show of his appreciation to his new organization at Christmas, Lopez gifted chocolate boxes to all 70-plus Bucks staffers who work at the team's practice facility.

The self-described "eccentric" endeared himself to his coaches by showing up 45 minutes early to practices to hone his shooting ability. And the result of that extra work has earned Lopez the nickname "Splash Mountain" among Bucks fans.

The incredible transformation has been an important reason why the Bucks won an NBA-best 60 games and are 15-point favorites against the Pistons in Game 2 on Wednesday.

"All of a sudden," Longstaff said, "it was like, 'This is scary for opponents.'"

Dr Rebecca Robinson on female athlete health

Published in Athletics
Wednesday, 17 April 2019 07:41

John Shepherd speaks with the sports and exercise medicine consultant to gain some clarity on the subject of menstruation

Do coaches discuss the subject of menstruation with their athletes and do athletes know how to deal with their cycles and where they can find out more about retaining optimum health and performance levels? AW spoke with Dr Rebecca Robinson (pictured above after her third place in the 2014 Brighton Marathon) to find out more.

Athletics Weekly: Female athletes are affected by their menstrual cycles but can you tell us in what ways?

Dr Rebecca Robinson: Every female athlete will have a menstrual cycle unique to themselves and its impacts will be individual. We know enough now from research to see some trends. From my work in sport, I see some women for whom the cycle doesn’t have an impact they’re aware of at all, many who find the cycle reassuring that they’re fit and healthy, and some who struggle with heavy or absent periods. At the ends of the age spectrum, being an athletic teen can delay the onset of periods, and after the menopause, some women need support to feel fit and healthy into athletic later life.

AW: Should different types of training be done at different times in the cycle? And does this influence performance?

Dr R: On the first day of bleeding, oestrogen and progesterone hormones are low. Some athletes experience increased muscle soreness due to higher inflammation levels. But muscles adapt well to high intensity at this time and exercise itself can have a beneficial, anti-inflammatory effect.

From the start of a period until ovulation, oestrogen levels rise. Women often find they can train or race hard at this time with more intensity. Just before ovulation, exercise performance may be enhanced. Women have a relatively higher pain threshold at this time too, so this could translate into digging in deep in competition. Around ovulation, the body is under more stress and extra care is needed to ensure recovery and reduce illness risk. A positive energy balance with high carbohydrate intake and adequate sleep is recommended.

After ovulation, the body’s core temperature rises. Blood plasma decreases and relative exercise strain is higher. Moderate efforts are best and it’s important to keep hydrated. A key message is that adaptation to training seems to be better if you have a menstrual cycle than if you don’t. That’s important when it comes to RED-S (relative energy deficiency syndrome – see below).

What is RED-S?

Relative energy deficiency in sport syndrome occurs when athletes are not meeting the energy demands that they need for normal metabolic function plus their sport.

This leads to impaired physiological function of hormones, metabolism, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein building, and cardiovascular health amongst other effects.

The consequences of low energy availability shutting off menses on bone health often presents as a stress fracture, and the lack of oestrogen can be a serious risk for osteoporosis (thin and fragile bones).

AW: I have heard that technical work should be avoided at certain times during menstruation and that at other times women may be more prone to benefit from strength work?

Dr R: Hormone changes around the time of a period can affect neuromuscular control – meaning that injuries can be more likely at this time. Just before ovulation, adaptations to strength and high-intensity training are really good. There’s often not a clear-cut right or wrong time to train, but knowing your cycle can certainly be a useful tool when mapping out a training plan.

We do know that athletes suffering from RED-S will have lesser gains from training and lower adaptations. It’s important to highlight that this is the case for men, too, whose testosterone levels can be reduced (see AW’s November 1 issue and Tom Fairbrother’s experiences of the latter).

AW: Are the effects of menstruation different for power and endurance athletes? Many endurance athletes seem to suffer from RED-S whilst power athletes seem to be less affected?

Dr R: Endurance athletics isn’t an aesthetic sport, however, there’s often an emphasis on leanness. Every good coach knows that lighter certainly doesn’t really equal faster beyond a level that is healthy.

However, there can be a tendency for athletes to underfuel, which creates a negative energy balance. That is a real health risk because it can shut off menstrual periods, and this has a detrimental effect on bone health and also on performance, and health in general – and in many ways, from cardiovascular health to mental health.

So, finding the energy balance that’s healthy for you is usually key to performance and getting a regular period is a good marker for this. Of course, it’d be too simple to say this is straightforward for everyone, but if it seems a struggle I would definitely encourage the athlete to seek specialist advice to ensure that their approach is healthy for them.

AW: What should coaches be on the look out for and what do they need to consider?

Dr R: Some athletes can run into problems with RED-S and low energy just because they haven’t got the balance between training and fueling and often a busy life right. Having the conversation about regular menstrual cycles should be important in the coach/athlete relationship, but needs to be done in a healthy, educated, mature way. A great new resource: “health4performance”, can really support athletes, coaches and parents with information and advice. See health4performance.co.uk

Quick wins can be found around nutritional strategies, like fueling directly after training and upping carbohydrate intake, as well as reducing life stress and improving sleep, where possible.

Not all athletes with RED-S have disordered eating, but it’s important to recognise eating disorders because they can have very serious consequences. So, if there are concerns that low energy availability is due to disordered eating, then this is something the athlete should be encouraged to address before they’re ready to train and compete.

There’s more to it than just RED-S. Lots of athletes experience painful periods or heavy bleeding. It’s often a difficult issue to discuss, so I’d really encourage athletes and coaches to visit websites like health4performance and if necessary, remind their GP that sports medicine exists on the NHS as well as in private practice to help athletes here.

AW: What about the pill and other contraceptives? What influences do they have (good or bad)?

Dr R: There has definitely been a move away from the oral contraceptive pill by gynaecologists working in sport and also by sports medicine doctors. We now know the oral contraceptive doesn’t improve bone density so, usually it isn’t the right option for athletes who aren’t getting their period. Furthermore, the pill masks the body’s own hormones, making it difficult to understand the athlete’s own cycle.

Some athletes struggling with RED-S might be advised to have topical hormone replacement therapy with oestrogen and progesterone to provide a withdrawal bleed, but this should be done by a gynaecologist or sports doctor.

Of course, many people do use the pill and other contraception in real life and this can certainly be a safe option, but it’s always advisable to have medical support.

AW: Should females be concerned about competing at certain times during their cycle, and should they influence their cycle to avoid having heavy periods during competition? I know this is a touchy subject.

Dr R: I definitely agree here. But for some athletes for whom premenstrual tension, pain, or heavy bleeding is an issue, taking a wider look at health is essential and medication can be used with care to manipulate cycles.

For athletes who want to use medication to alter the timing of their period, it’s important to get this right a long way out from major competitions. Some symptoms can be helped through non-medical practices, looking at recovery, fuel and natural anti-inflammatory products.

In sports clinics like CHHP, where I work from, we have a multi-disciplinary team. Getting this right for the athlete can involve sports medicine, nutrition, psychology and physiotherapy, so make sure that you get it right for you and your sport.

The knowledge that every woman can compete well at all times in her cycle informs the ‘FITR’ app that can support menstrual tracking for the sporty female – see fitrwoman.com

AW: Are there supplements and nutritional strategies that may be of benefit?

Dr R: I would recommend the FITR app. It can help athletes to adapt training load to their cycle. At different times of the cycle, we women use different food types as fuel (for example, fat versus carbohydrate), so keeping a diary and getting savvy to this can really help, as can knowing at which times you may best adapt to different types of training. For younger athletes, this is great to learn early on, so that they become the expert on their menstrual health for their sport.

Women who have heavy bleeds need to watch their iron status. Iron is found in meats and green leafy vegetables. Supplements can also help – if in doubt, have your levels checked.

AW: Anything else thought relevant?

Dr R: Research is telling us that athletes who get their period end up stronger, faster and actually get better adaptations to training than those who miss theirs, for reasons such as RED-S (there are other reasons why women might not get their cycle and you can be healthy and on a pill or similar, but if in doubt, check).

I’d encourage young athletes that a healthy menstrual cycle is a sure start to a happier and a longer sports career whatever their goals.

Shortcuts that end in stress fractures and heart-break are also sad for us as sports doctors to manage. Taking the first steps if you think you may need help can turn things around quicker than you think.

Britain's Dan Evans has earned a place in the main draw at next month's French Open at Roland Garros.

He is joined by compatriots Kyle Edmund and Cameron Norrie in the draw for the men's singles, while two more Britons, Johanna Konta and Katie Boulter, are entered into the women's singles.

It is the first time in two years that world number 89 Evans has made the main draw by ranking.

He returned from a one-year ban for taking cocaine 12 months ago.

The 28-year-old has only once before played in the first round of the French Open, in 2017, when he was beaten by Spain's Tommy Robredo.

Edmund reached the third round in 2018, while Norrie exited in the second. Two-time Grand Slam semi-finalist Konta has never progressed past the first round, while this year marks Boulter's debut in the main draw.

The French Open takes place in Paris between 20 May and 9 June.

Ulster prop Marty Moore has been ruled out for the remainder of the season with an ankle ligament injury sustained in the win over Edinburgh last weekend.

Ulster revealed on Wednesday that Moore will visit a specialist this week.

Jacob Stockdale suffered a hamstring injury in the same Pro14 game at Murrayfield and his recovery is being "monitored on an ongoing basis".

Utility back Will Addison was already ruled out for the rest of the campaign after undergoing back surgery.

Former Wasps front row Moore hobbled off after just 10 minutes of Friday's game.

Moore will miss Ulster's final regular Pro14 game of the season against Leinster on 27 April, plus more crucially their quarter-final with Connacht at Kingspan Stadium in Belfast on 3/4 May and any additional games the province may play.

Ulster's 29-7 win over Edinburgh, allied with Munster's victory over Treviso, assured Dan McFarland's men of second place in Conference B and a place in the play-offs.

The Irish province are hopeful that skipper Rory Best will have overcome an ankle injury sustained against Leinster in their Champions Cup quarter-final in time to face Connacht.

Worcester Warriors winger Bryce Heem will miss the rest of the season after being suspended for a tip tackle on Sale's Paolo Odogwu.

Heem, 30, has been banned for four weeks after contesting the charge at an RFU disciplinary panel hearing.

He was sin-binned for the tackle in the second half of Warriors' 39-17 Premiership win against Sale.

Sale centre Rohan Janse van Rensburg has been banned for a week for striking scrum-half Francois Hougaard.

The ban handed to Heem means he has effectively played his last match for Worcester after revealing in February he would not be renewing his contract at Sixways.

He is tipped to join Top 14 club Toulon in the summer.

South African Van Rensburg, 24, admitted making contact with Hougaard's throat during the first half of the match against Warriors.

His one-week ban means he will be unavailable for Sale's European Challenge Cup semi-final against La Rochelle on Saturday.

Sacked Folau requests hearing over anti-gay post

Published in Rugby
Tuesday, 16 April 2019 22:01

Israel Folau has requested a code of conduct hearing after Rugby Australia ended his contract over a social media post in which he said "hell awaits" gay people.

The 30-year-old had 48 hours to ask for the hearing or accept being sacked.

Rugby Australia chief executive Raelene Castle said Folau's request "was not an unexpected outcome".

She added: "We will now work to confirm a date for the hearing as soon as possible."

Folau has won 73 caps and was expected to play at this year's World Cup in Japan.

"After the date for the hearing is confirmed Rugby Australia and the NSW Rugby Union will make no further comment on the matter until the code of conduct process has concluded," said Castle.

'I live for God now'

Committed Christian Folau last week posted a banner on his Instagram account that read: "Drunks, homosexuals, adulterers, liars, fornicators, thieves, atheists and idolators - Hell awaits you."

The post remains online and on Sunday the player said he was standing by "what the Bible says".

Following a service at the Truth Of Jesus Christ Church, he told the Sydney Morning Herald newspaper: "I share it with love. I can see the other side of the coin where people's reactions are the total opposite to how I'm sharing it.

"First and foremost, I live for God now. Whatever He wants me to do, I believe His plans for me are better than whatever I can think. If that's not to continue on playing, so be it," he added.

"In saying that, obviously I love playing footy and if it goes down that path I'll definitely miss it. But my faith in Jesus Christ is what comes first."

In addition to his rugby union career, Folau has also played professional rugby league and Australian rules football.

Last week, Australian rugby league's governing body ruled out Folau returning to the National Rugby League.

Bath director of rugby Todd Blackadder will leave the Premiership club at the end of the campaign to become head coach at Japanese side Toshiba.

Blackadder signed a contract extension at The Rec until the end of next season in September, but the 47-year-old has been granted an early release.

Former captain Stuart Hooper is expected to take on Blackadder's role.

Bath, who are seventh in the table, said they would confirm their new coaching structure in the coming weeks.

New Zealander Blackadder will depart after Bath's last game of the season with the Somerset side still in contention to reach the play-offs.

They are due to face fellow top-four contenders Sale and Wasps and then strugglers Leicester in their last three regular season Premiership matches.

Blackadder joined Bath in 2016 after seven years as head coach of Canterbury Crusaders.

He led the club to consecutive top six finishes in the Premiership and qualification for the European Champions Cup.

"It's been an honour and a privilege to lead the Blue, Black and White for the past three years," he said.

"I'm incredibly proud of what we have achieved. It might not be silverware, but together we have built strong foundations and I leave knowing that the best is absolutely yet to come."

Hooper, 37, spent eight years as a Bath player before retiring in 2016 and is now their general manager.

COLUMBUS -- Ryan McDonagh sat in the silent Tampa Bay Lightning dressing room, where his teammates spent a few moments of quiet, frustrated contemplation before leaving for the offseason.

How could this happen? How could a Lightning team that had amassed 128 points and 62 victories -- earning a share of the all-time NHL record for wins -- lose in four swift games to the Columbus Blue Jackets, the last wild card in the Eastern Conference and a team that finished 30 points behind them?

How could a team that seemed destined for a Stanley Cup see it swept aside? How could a group that the Vegas sportsbooks pegged as a minus-400 favorite before the series cash out in four games?

"It's tough to pinpoint one thing," McDonagh said. "We hurt ourselves in a lot of different fashions. Strengths that were keys to us winning in the regular season didn't get it done in this series. They won all of those categories."

What caused this historic playoff collapse, marking the first time in history that the league's top team was swept in the first round in a seven-game series?

Here's the anatomy of the Lightning's loss to Columbus:

Jump ahead: Game 1 mistake | Injuries (and stupidity)
Un-special teams | The Wrath of Bob
They were out-coached | 'It wasn't our time'


The Jackets weren't an 8-seed

Before opening up the corpse of the Lightning to determine the internal causes of their demise, let's exalt the Columbus Blue Jackets with the praise they deserve.

This was not a No. 8 seed. This was the 13th-best team in the NHL based on points, with 98, a higher total than three Western Conference playoff teams in the Dallas Stars (93), Vegas Golden Knights (93) and Colorado Avalanche (90). They were 12th in goals per game (3.12) and 11th in goals-against per game (2.82), outpacing several playoff teams in each category. They were 12th in expected goals percentage (50.87), which was better than six playoff teams.

They were a completely adequate team that was turned into the largest of underdogs by virtue of the Lightning's juggernaut of a regular season, and the Vegas sportsbooks' projections for the series. (The Lightning were minus-400 on the money line to win the series.)

But where the punditry failed was in identifying two trends. First, that the Blue Jackets had been a different team since a Western Canadian road trip that ended on March 24. They had a team meeting that cleared the air on some issues, and that meeting was cited by several players as having gotten them on the right course. They won seven of eight games to close the regular season, giving up two or fewer goals in each victory. (That 6-2 home loss to the Bruins on April 2, in a critical game, threw us all off their scent as a contender.)

The other trend is that this is the third straight season the Jackets have made the playoffs. They went out in five to the Penguins in 2017, but gained experience. They won the first two games in Washington in 2018 and lost the series in six games, but gained more experience.

"The more and more playoff hockey you play, the more and more you feel comfortable in situations that you're put in. It's so important that it's been three years in a row for us. Guys are getting more minutes, more experience in situations and with surges. Hopefully, you're ready for that. It's not new to you," Blue Jackets coach John Tortorella said.

So it wasn't new for the Jackets to start the series well on the road, and perhaps they learned a thing or two about protecting that series lead on home ice after last postseason.

In Game 1, the Lightning tried to win 8-0 instead of 3-0

The Blue Jackets were a punchline after one period of Game 1 in Tampa. They were down 3-0 as the Lightning tied a franchise postseason record for goals in the first period, and they looked thoroughly outmatched. This is what the Lightning did during the regular season: Score early and often (their 102 first-period goals were tied with San Jose for most in the NHL), and win by a large margin (30 of their 62 wins were by three or more goals).

What they quickly discovered is that in the playoffs, opponents don't tumble to the canvas after three quick punches. They stagger around and wait for some mistake or miscue that gets them back into the fight. Which is why McDonagh's ill-advised pass, intercepted by the Blue Jackets and turned into a breakaway goal for Nick Foligno, was such a harbinger of doom.

That pinch by Erik Cernak and that pass by McDonagh are the kind of plays you make in the regular season when you think the other guys are already thinking about the next stop on their 82-game journey. When Josh Anderson tips it away to Foligno, the Lightning have five guys below the top of the circles in the attacking zone. And then he just smokes it past Andrei Vasilevskiy.

From that point on, the Jackets took over the game at even strength, outside of a brief return to form from the Lightning to start the third period. They scored a short-handed goal against the Lightning's exalted power-play, and a power-play goal of their own.

Early this season, coach Jon Cooper said that to succeed in the playoffs, "We have to win games 2-1, and not 5-4." The Lightning tried to win Game 1 by, like, 8-0. Instead, one critical mistake got the Jackets back into the fight and helped them score the first of a series of upsets.

The Game 2 hangover

Lightning center Tyler Johnson said that the team had a crisis of confidence during Game 1, getting away from making the plays they had all season. That carried over to Game 2: While the Lightning had the advantage during the game in shot attempts at 5-on-5 and played well in the first period despite giving up two goals, their expected goals percentage for the second (42.39) and third (48.54) was indicative of their failure to carry the play. The Blue Jackets won the game 5-1 thanks to two power-play goals and an emphatic third period in which Riley Nash and Artemi Panarin scored 3:09 apart.

During the entire regular season, the Lightning lost back-to-back games once, in early November when Vasilevskiy was injured. They thought they could walk into Game 2 and snap back into form. They were wrong. Blowing that three-goal lead in the Game 1 loss damaged their psyche for Game 2.

"You're feeling pretty good about yourself when you're up 3-0. And then we gift-wrapped that one for them. The problem was that it carried into Game 2. That was a little bit surprising for us. They scored in the first five minutes, and we didn't respond like we should have," Cooper said.

Injuries (and stupidity)

In Game 3, the Lightning were without two of their most important players, for very different reasons.

Norris Trophy winner Victor Hedman clearly wasn't himself in Games 1 and 2. He was in the negative in shot attempts and goal differential. He was spun like a top by Jackets defenseman David Savard (of all people) on a critical Game 1 goal. He missed the last four games of the regular season with an upper-body injury. He missed Games 3 and 4 with an undisclosed injury.

Nikita Kucherov, the NHL's leading scorer with 128 points and the prohibitive favorite to win the Hart Trophy as league MVP, missed Game 3 while serving a one-game suspension for boarding Jackets defenseman Markus Nutivaara in Game 2. It was a cheap shot on a player in a prone position, delivered out of frustration with Columbus handily ahead in the game.

Did the loss of Kucherov affect the Lightning? Absolutely. They found their offensive game in the third period and trailed by only a goal. Not having Kucherov on the ice to score or set up the equalizer was critical. In that sense, perhaps he is their most valuable player -- glaring in his absence. Petulant, selfish plays that lead to suspensions aren't exactly the stuff of MVPs. (Luckily, the Hart votes are already cast for what is a regular-season award, and Kucherov had a stellar regular season.)

Un-special teams

After Game 4, Kucherov was still trying to figure out what happened to his heralded power play. "No power plays. One PP in two games. It's tough. I don't know what to say," he muttered.

No one does when it comes to the special teams disparity in this series. The Lightning had a power-play percentage of 28.1 in the regular season, which is the highest in NHL history for an 82-game season and the highest overall since the 1987-88 Calgary Flames were at 28.5 percent in an 80-game season. The Lightning had a 33 percent power-play percentage on the road, the highest since the NHL began tracking the stat in 1977.

Against the Blue Jackets? Their power play went 1-for-6, finally converting in Game 4. Part of the problem was not getting enough of them, which was a combination of specious officiating and the Jackets' discipline -- Columbus had the fewest times short-handed in the regular season.

Meanwhile, the Blue Jackets' power play morphed into the mid-1970s Montreal Canadiens, whipping the puck around and in constant motion. They finished 5-for-10 in the series against a Lightning penalty kill that finished tied for first in the NHL. Allowing your opponent a 50 percent conversion rate on the power play is the stuff of which sweeps are made.

The Columbus power play produced the game-winning goal in Games 1 and 2. The game-winner in Game 4 was also technically a special-teams goal, scored 6-on-5 during a delayed penalty.

It can't be stressed enough: The Lightning didn't play horribly at 5-on-5. The Jackets scored eight even-strength goals to Tampa's six. The Bolts had an expected goals percentage of 54.86, and 54.17 percent of the scoring chances over four games. But those extra four goals with the man advantage made all the difference.

"Special teams was huge for us in the season, and let us down in the playoffs. We didn't get the bounces on the penalty kill, and they got confidence on the power play as the series went on," Steven Stamkos said.

Suffice it to say, they really missed Hedman on both of these units.

The Columbus forecheck

Last month, we published an article titled "How the Tampa Bay Lightning can be defeated," long before anyone considered this plausible. One section of it seems particularly prophetic after the Blue Jackets' sweep: That a team playing an effective forechecking game could slow down an offensive juggernaut to a crawl.

The Washington Capitals proved this last season in playing a 1-1-3 trap that bounced the Jackets, Penguins, Lightning and Golden Knights en route to the Stanley Cup. Columbus played a 1-2-2 system against the Lightning that effectively clogged up the neutral zone. One lead forward attempts to disrupt the Tampa Bay puck handler; two other forwards provide neutral zone support to either pressure the puck carrier or take away passing lanes; get through them, and the Jackets' defensemen add another layer of support in front of goalie Sergei Bobrovsky.

"They've been on top of the puck. They've taken away the ice. It's our job to find areas around it. Move the puck and move our feet. Not allow them to get in their setup that often," McDonagh said.

Easier said than done. Until the offensive circus of Game 4, the Jackets had spent the previous eight periods plucking Tampa pucks -- they had 30 takeaways in the series -- and forcing the Lightning to play a chip-and-chase game when entering the offensive zone.

"We got behind and we got away from our identity, which is possessing pucks," Cooper said.

When the Jackets had the puck, they handled it methodically, which is another key to defeating the Lightning: Slowing down the pace. As of March 11, the Jackets were 26th in the NHL in pace of play. The Lightning were 14th.

When they were able to get through the defensive front, there was another problem: Bobrovsky finally became a playoff goalie.

The Wrath of Bob

One of the reasons the Blue Jackets had yet to advance past the first round in the franchise's history was Bobrovsky's rather horrid playoff performance history. In 17 previous playoff games with Columbus, Bobrovsky had a 3.41 goals-against average and an .898 save percentage. Not great, Bob.

But in this postseason, he's been a revelation: a .932 save percentage and a 2.01 goals-against average. Why the improvement?

"I think we have played pretty well in front of him along the way here. But he has, in times of games when we needed a huge save, he's made them," Tortorella said.

Remember that Foligno goal in Game 1? That only matters because Bobrovsky made a huge save on Nikita Kucherov that could have made the game 4-0. Later, he stopped Stamkos when the Bolts' captain could have made it 4-1.

In both games in Columbus, Bobrovsky weathered every offensive flurry the Lightning had, and outplayed Andrei Vasilevskiy across the ice. Vasilevskiy finished the series with a .856 save percentage and a 3.82 goals-against average. Among the many unpredictable facets of this upset, the Blue Jackets getting vastly superior goaltending was high on that list.

"I'm thrilled for him," Tortorella said. "He's got a bit of a burr, and that's a pretty good thing for an athlete to have."

The lack of adversity

One of Cooper's pet theories about the demise of his Lightning is that they couldn't simply flip the switch on for the postseason after coasting for months.

"When you have the amount of points we had, it's a blessing and a curse, in a way. You don't play any meaningful hockey for a long time. Then all of a sudden you have to ramp it up. It's not an excuse, it's reality," Cooper said after Game 4. "That's how it goes: You have a historic regular season and we had a historic playoff."

(Well, yes, it was historic: For the first time in the NHL, a team with the most points in the regular season failed to win a single game in an opening round seven-game series.)

Cooper's argument is that the Blue Jackets rolled into the playoffs having played meaningful games over the previous three weeks, and playing them well: Columbus won seven of eight games, giving up two or fewer goals in each of those victories. Meanwhile, the Lightning lost their confidence in Game 1 and had one bad stretch that cost them their season.

"We couldn't find our game. It's that clear. For six days in April, we couldn't find it," Cooper said. "It's unfortunate, because it puts a blemish on what was one hell of a regular season."

Then again, Cooper was out-coached

On March 26, the Lightning announced a contract extension for Cooper, perhaps with the anticipation that his stock (and the price of it) would rise if and when the team won the Stanley Cup.

"He is the absolute best coach for our hockey team," Lightning general manager Julien BriseBois said at the time.

So ... does that still apply?

Cooper is a brilliant coach. If Barry Trotz doesn't win the Jack Adams for the post-John Tavares revival of the Islanders, Cooper will win it for one of the best regular seasons in NHL history. But in this series against the Blue Jackets, Cooper was out-coached and outmaneuvered by Tortorella. The Jackets committed to their system in ways the Lightning did not. Tactically, their defense trumped Cooper's offense, and the Lightning were slow to adjust to it.

He also made some flat-out mistakes, like failing to identify the psychological damage the Bolts had after Game 1; being unable to get Vasilevskiy off for an extra attacker in a timely manner in Game 3; and failing to make a coach's challenge on the Jackets' first goal in Game 4 for goalie interference, although he would successfully challenge one later on the basis of offside.

"It's little things that haven't happened during the year that snowballed during this series," said Cooper, in an understatement.

The stars didn't shine

The Blue Jackets got impact plays from impact talents. Matt Duchene had three goals and four assists. Artemi Panarin had two goals and three assists. Zach Werenski had five points, and Seth Jones had four points, both of them tallying a game-winning goal. Even Oliver Bjorkstrand's two goals were both game winners, to go with two assists.

The Lightning ... didn't. Stamkos, who had 45 goals in the regular season, had no points and was a minus-5 through three games. Brayden Point, who had 41 goals in the regular season, was scoreless through three, with a minus-2. Kucherov, who led the league with 128 points, didn't score in the first two games of the series and then got himself suspended for Game 3.

All of them hit the scoresheet in Game 4 in an effort to stave off elimination. But the fact the Lightning were in that position is very much a product of their lack of production earlier in the series.

'It wasn't our time'

Kucherov sat in his stall, looking stunned, fielding questions about Game 4. "This sucks, yeah. Not much to say," he said. "It's a playoff. There's no easy team. You have to give them credit. They fought hard. It wasn't our time, I guess."

This brings us to the last surgical exploration of the autopsy: The Lightning, despite all of their success in the regular season and being a statistical steamroller in so many ways, just might not know how to win in the playoffs.

"If you don't accomplish the goal of winning it all, it's a failure. We don't care about what happened in the regular season. We wanted to come in and play well. In that first game, we came out and got the early lead. And then we couldn't gain any momentum in that game. We didn't defend well enough as a team, this entire series," Stamkos said.

So one is left wondering how, then, the Lightning can learn to win in the postseason. How to handle adversity. How to transfer what they did best in the regular season to the postseason.

Maybe it just takes time, like it did for the Blue Jackets.

"I don't know," Cooper said. "It's funny: We're expected to go far this year, and we do nowhere. In 2015, no one expected us to go anywhere, and we went far, with the same core of players," he said. "It's hard to win in this league. It's tough not to be holding up the Stanley Cup at the end, but how many teams have gone through this? They knock at the door and knock at the door and then ... you look at Washington, for example? They had two remarkable years and got bounced in the second round, and the year no one expected them to do anything they won the Stanley Cup."

Changes will come for the Lightning. They have to, after a disaster of this magnitude. But given the core, and given the ages of the core, the window remains wide open to win.

Perhaps one day, while hoisting the Cup, the Lightning will think back to how this defeat was a formative moment. Or, perhaps, they'll think back to what might have been, as one of the greatest regular-season teams in NHL history saw its postseason last only four frustrating games.

Beckham group sued over Miami stadium plan

Published in Soccer
Tuesday, 16 April 2019 17:35

David Beckham's five-year quest to bring an MLS team to South Florida has encountered another obstacle in the form of a lawsuit that could at least delay its efforts to redevelop Fort Lauderdale's Lockhart Stadium.

Beckham, his partners and Inter Miami CF won approval from the City of Ft. Lauderdale on April 2 to redevelop Lockhart, a project that would involve demolishing the existing structure, and replacing it with an 18,000-seat venue that, starting next season, will host the team for the first two years of its MLS existence, as well as a training facility. The team is scheduled to begin playing in MLS in 2020.

But on Monday, FXE Futbol, whose competing bid proposed a renovation of Lockhart Stadium, filed suit in Broward County court, seeking "expedited and declaratory injunctive relief."

The suit alleges that the City of Ft. Lauderdale failed to adhere to Florida state law as it relates to unsolicited offers for the development of public land by a private entity by not getting "an architect, landscape architect, or an engineer licensed in this state" to review the proposals. State law also requires an "independent analysis" to demonstrate the public-private partnership's cost-effectiveness.

FXE Futbol also accused Inter Miami of falsely stating to the city that the FXE Futbol's proposal wasn't viable because of the "tremendous amount" of asbestos on the site, thus making a renovation unfeasible.

"We can no longer stand on the sidelines while our due process is being violated," said FXE's managing partner, John F. Reynal, in a statement posted by the company on Twitter. "Not only do we believe the ranking was carried out without the proper statutory review, but the subsequent signing of the interim agreement to demolish Lockhart would render our proposal impossible to deliver.

"While we are not asking for preferential treatment, we do demand that we and all future bidders in front of the City of Ft. Lauderdale receive a fair, open review in accordance with the mandated legal process."

Beckham's Miami project was announced with great fanfare back in February of 2014, only to encounter numerous missteps as it related to a stadium site. The group, Miami Beckham United, thought it had secured land in Miami's Overtown neighborhood, only to run into local opposition.

When the ownership group was altered to include MasTec chairman Jorge Mas, the group switched directions and opted for a $1 billion stadium and commercial project on Melreese golf course. Miami commissioners are currently negotiating a 99-year lease.

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